Previously, it has been demonstrated that observers process the preshaping of the hand, gaze-direction, as well as kinematic information (e.g. In face-to-face settings, multiple sources of information are available that can be used to anticipate an upcoming action. Importantly, both predictive processing and conceptual accounts highlight the role of multimodal information in action intention processing. Predictive processing therefore allows anticipating of actions and reacting to them in a fast and efficient manner. According to such models, people use internal models, prior experience as well as context information in order to predict upcoming actions. Recent models have highlighted the role of hierarchical predictive processes in action understanding. This view, however, has been challenged by studies that observed no direct evidence for direct motor involvement in action observation and rather suggest an influence of higher level conceptual representations in action recognition. According to motor simulation theories, observation of an action activates the corresponding motor program in the observer’s motor system and thus enables action recognition (for an overview see ). Typically, this task is mastered effortlessly in our everyday lives, for instance, every time when we have to reciprocate a greeting of another person or when we have to reach for an object that is offered to us. Recognizing action intentions is thus necessary to ensure that interactive behavior is coordinated in space and time. In face-to-face situations, it is crucial to capture another person’s intentions as fast and accurately as possible in order to generate an adaptive response. Social interaction requires the understanding of action intentions. AL is supported by a Heisenberg Professorship (Li 2840/2-1) from the German Research Foundation.Ĭompeting interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.ĭata Availability: All experimental stimuli, presentation scripts, anonymized behavioral data, as well as analysis scripts are accessible in a public repository ( ).įunding: This study was supported by the “UR Fellows” program of the University of Regensburg. Received: ApAccepted: AugPublished: September 1, 2021Ĭopyright: © 2021 Kroczek et al. Pavlova, University Hospitals Tubingen: Universitatsklinikum Tubingen, GERMANY These results suggest that facial emotions influence anticipatory processing of action intentions allowing for fast and adaptive responses in social interactions.Ĭitation: Kroczek LOH, Lingnau A, Schwind V, Wolff C, Mühlberger A (2021) Angry facial expressions bias towards aversive actions. This effect was more pronounced in short video clips, showing only the beginning of an unfolding action, than in long video clips, showing near-complete actions. Participants were more likely to judge a presented action as a punch when agents showed an angry compared to a happy facial emotion. Interestingly, while facial emotions did not influence accuracy, there was a significant influence on participants’ action judgements. Naturally, participants’ recognition accuracy improved with increasing duration of the unfolding actions. During each trial, video clips stopped at varying durations of the unfolding action, and participants had to recognize the presented action. fist-bump) directed towards the observer. happy) while performing an action (punch vs. Thirty-two participants were presented with video clips showing virtual agents displaying a facial emotion (angry vs. In the present study, we investigated the influence of facial emotions on the processing of action intentions. In face-to-face interactions, aversive or appetitive actions typically co-occur with emotional expressions, allowing an observer to anticipate action intentions. Social interaction requires fast and efficient processing of another person’s intentions.
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